REG.10
EKWEI LING,JOLENE
3B1
THERMAL PHYSICS.
Chapters
SEVEN ,EIGHT, NINE




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September 2008
August 2008

CHAPTER 9;
Thermal Properties of Matter.

1. The unit for Thermal energy is joule (J).


2. The intermolecular bonds that binds particles together, is called Internal Energy.


3. Internal Energy consists of two components - Kinetic & Potential Energy.


4. Vibration of particles results in Internal Kinetic Energy.


5. Stretching & Compressing of the intermolecular bonds by vibration of particles, results in Internal Potential Energy.
   
6. The higher gain of Thermal Energy in heating, the higher the temp. will be.


7. Amount of Potential Energy stored in bonds depends on the force and distance between particles.

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PICTURES!

[Pic.1 Microwave] This reflects of Point number 4.

[Pic.2 Slinky] This reflects of Point number 5.
[Pic.3 Process of heating water] This reflects of Point number 6.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is to summarise all processes:
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Melting & Solidification:

1. Melting is the process of solid changing into liquid state. E.g: Ice melts to become water.


2. The melting point of ice is at 0 (Degree Celsius).
   
3. The change of state doesn't affect its temperature.

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1. Solidification (Freezing point) is the process of liquid changing into solid state. E.g: By putting water in freezer, the water is being freezed into ice.
   

This diagram shows the process of Solidification:

Mainly, from a state of liquid, go into process of Solidification, and reach to state of solid.
============================================================
Boiling & Condensation:

1. Boiling is the process of liquid changing into gaseous state (vapour).

From ice, goes through a process of freezing point. Upon turning into a liquid, as temperature increases,
goes through a process of boiling.
And finally become vapour in a gaseous state.

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1. Condensation is a process of gas changing into a liquid state.
   
2. Thermal Energy is being givent out during Condensation.

A glass of COLD WATER, comes in contact with the surrounding WARM MOIST AIR,
goes through the process of Condensation,
and transform into tiny water droplets (liquid).

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Evaporation:

1. Evaporation is the process of liquid changing into gaseous state. (like Boiling)
   
2. Evaporation is able to take place at any temperature.


3. However, the process is much slower than Boiling.

With heat, the water evaporates faster than without heat.
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Applications of Evaporation:

1. Cooling effect will occur when perspiration evaporates.


2. Puddles of water on surface, will evaporate upon a period of time.


3. A high fever patient that is sponged with water, through Evaporation, is able to bring the patient's temperature down.


4. Refridgerator uses processes of Condensation & Evaporation, to keep food cool.

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Factors affecting the rate of Evaporation:

1. Temperature: The rate of Evaporation increases as the temperature increases.


2. Humidity of the surrounding air: The rate of Evaporation will decrease with increasing Humidity.


3. Surface area of the liquid: The rate of Evaporation increases as the surface area is more exposed.


4. Movement of air: The rate of Evaporation increases when the surrounding air is moving.


5. Pressure: The rate of Evaporation increases as the atmospheric pressure decreases.


6. Boiling point of the liquid: The rate of Evaporation increases when boiling point decreases.

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Video of Condensation process:

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This marks the end of Chapter 9; Thermal Properties of Matter :D
(Officially started at 10:07AM and ended at 12:04PM)

with truckloads of love ♥